What is Logical Reasoning?

Logical reasoning consists of aptitude questions that require a logical level of analysis to arrive at the correct solution. Most of the questions are constructed based on concepts and the rest are out of the box thinking ones.

Logical reasoning is classified into two types:

• Verbal Reasoning: It is the ability to logically understand the concepts and solve problems expressed in words. Verbal reasoning tests the ability of extraction of information and implications in a sentence.
• Non-verbal Reasoning: It is the ability to logically understand the concepts and solve problems expressed in numbers/letters/figures in combination with words. Non-verbal reasoning tests the ability of deduction and induction of logic of information and implications in a problem.

List of Topics under the Logical Reasoning Section:

• Alphanumeric Series: Sequences involving both letters and numbers with specific patterns.
• Syllogism: Problems based on logical reasoning using syllogistic statements.
• Reasoning Analogies: Identifying and understanding relationships between pairs of words or concepts.
• Blood Relations: Problems involving family relationships and genealogy.
• Calendars: Calculating dates, days of the week, and intervals between dates.
• Cause and Effect: Understanding the cause-effect relationships between events or actions.
• Clocks: Problems related to time shown on analog and digital clocks.
• Coding-Decoding: Coding and decoding words or phrases based on given patterns or rules.
• Cubes and Cuboids: Problems involving manipulation and visualization of three-dimensional shapes.
• Data Sufficiency: Assessing whether given data is sufficient to answer a specific question.
• Decision Making: Analyzing situations and making logical decisions.
• Deductive Reasoning/Statement Analysis: Analyzing statements and drawing logical conclusions.
• Dices: Problems involving dice and their rotations or sides.
• Directions: Questions based on directions and finding shortest or correct routes.
• Embedded Images: Identifying patterns or figures embedded within larger images.
• Figure Matrix: Problems involving matrices of figures where patterns need to be identified.
• Input-Output: Questions based on the relationship between input and output sequences.
• Mirror and Water Images: Identifying images reflected in mirrors or distorted by water.
• Odd One Out: Identifying the odd one among a group based on specific attributes or patterns.
• Picture Series and Sequences: Analyzing sequences of pictures or images to identify patterns.
• Paper Folding: Predicting results of folding a piece of paper and understanding the patterns formed.
• Puzzles: Logical puzzles including sudoku, crossword, etc.
• Pattern Series and Sequences: Identifying and continuing patterns in numerical or alphabetical sequences.
• Order & Ranking: Arranging items or people based on specific criteria.
• Seating Arrangements: Problems involving arranging people or objects in a specific order or pattern.
• Shape Construction: Constructing or analyzing shapes based on given conditions or rules.
• Statement and Assumptions: Analyzing assumptions based on given statements.
• Statement and Conclusions: Drawing logical conclusions from given statements.

These topics cover the range of logical reasoning skills required for aptitude rounds in placement, including both verbal and non-verbal reasoning types.